Graphical timeline from Big Bang to Heat Death Totally Explained

Everything about Graphical Timeline From Big Bang To Heat Death totally explained

This is the timeline of the Universe from Big Bang to Heat Death scenario. ImageSize = width:830 height:2000 PlotArea = left:40 right:235 bottom:75 top:75
   Colors = id:period1 value:rgb(1,1,0.7) # light yellow id:period2 value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # light blue id:events value:rgb(1,0.7,1) # light purple id:era2 value:lightorange id:era1 Value:yellowgreen
   DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:-171 till:300 TimeAxis = format:yyyy orientation:vertical # order:reverse doesn't work ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-170 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-171
   AlignBars = justify
   BarData = bar:Clock bar:Dummy1 bar:Era bar:Dummy2 bar:Dummy3 bar:Periods bar:Dummy4 bar:Events
   TextData = fontsize:M pos:(365,75) text:"Planck epoch"

pos:(210,50) pos:(205,50) text:"Big Bang" pos:(20,50) text:"0: Linear time" pos:(10,1980) text:"Double-logaritmic time:" text:"100*log log year" pos:(200,1960) text:"Heat Death"

PlotData= textcolor:black fontsize:M
width:90 bar:Clock color:events align:right shift:(43,3) mark:(line,teal) at:-171 text:"10E-43 seconds" at:-141 at:-135 at:-129 text:"One picosecond" at:-122 text:"One nanosecond" at:-113 text:"One microsecond" at:-102 shift:(43,-13) text:"One millisecond" at:-100 text:"10E-10 years" at:-88 text:"One second" at:-60 text:"One hour" at:0 text:"One year" at:48 text:"One thousand years" at:78 text:"One million years" at:95 text:"One billion years" at:100 text:"10E10 years" at:108 text:"One trillion years" at:118 text:"One quadrillion years" at:126 at:132 at:200 text:"10E100 years"

at:200 text:"10¹⁰⁰ years" at:300 shift:(43,-13) text:"10E1000 years" width:55 bar:Dummy1
    width:130 bar:Era mark:(line,white) align:center shift:(0,0) from:-171 till:90 color:era1 text:"The Primordial Era" # or end at one million? stelliferous without stars? from:90 till:115 color:era2 text:"The Stelliferous Era" from:115 till:160 color:era1 text:"The Degenerate Era" from:160 till:200 color:era2 text:"The Black Hole Era" from:200 till:218 color:era1 text:"The Dark Era" from:218 till:300 color:era2 text:"The Photon Era"
    width:55 bar:Dummy2 bar:Dummy3
    width:165 bar:Periods align:center shift:(0,0) mark:(line,white) from:-171 till:-165 color:period2 text:Grand unification epoch # end at 10-37 seconds, not 10-33? from:-165 till:-163 color:period1 text:"Inflationary epoch" from:-163 till:-129 color:period2 text:Electroweak epoch from:-129 till:-113 color:period1 text:Hadron epoch # 10-12 to 10-6 seconds?, not 10-6 to 10-2. Error in text? from:-113 till:-88 color:period2 text:Lepton epoch from:-88 till:-72 color:period1 text:Epoch of Nucleosynthesis from:-72 till:68 color:period2 text:"Radiation domination" from:68 till:75 color:period1 shift:(0,0) text:"Matter domination" from:75 till:90 color:period2 text:"The Primordial Dark Age" from:90 till:93 color:period1 text:"Reionization" # 100-400 million years from:100 till:101 color:period2 text:"Life on Earth"
    width:55 bar:Dummy4
    width:55 mark:(line,purple) textcolor:black fontsize:M bar:Events color:events align:left shift:(30,-2)
    at:-171 shift:(30,-15) text:"Planck time, the smallest observable unit of time ~and the time before which science is unable to ~describe the universe. At this point, the force of ~gravity separated from the electronuclear force." at:-165 text:"Separation of the strong force from the ~electronuclear force." at:-161 text:"Quarks and anti-quarks begin forming." at:-129 text:"The weak force separates from the ~electromagnetic force resulting in the four ~separate forces we know today." at:-113 shift:(30,10) text:"Electrons and positrons begin to annihilate each ~other." at:-110 shift:(30,-30) text:"Quarks combine to form protons and neutrons. ~Quark/anti-quark pairs combine into mesons." at:-106 shift:(30,30) text:"Lepton/anti-lepton pairs are annihilated by ~existing photons. Neutrinos break free and exist ~on their own." at:-88 shift:(30,10) text:"Formation of atomic nuclei (hydrogen). Nuclear ~fusion begins to occur as they collide to form ~heavier elements." at:-72 text:"Nuclear fusion ends after about 3 minutes." at:75 text:"372,000 to 387,000 years - Hydrogen nuclei ~capture electrons to form stable atoms. Photons ~are no longer able to interact strongly with atoms. ~Cosmic microwave background radiation forms." at:90 text:"100 million years. First star began to shine." at:94 text:"600 million years. Formation of the first galaxy"

at:98 text:"4 billion years. Earliest Population I stars" at:100 shift:(30,-10) text:"8.7 billion years. Formation of the Sun" at:101 mark:(line,magenta) text:"13.7 billion years: this present day"

at:101 text:"18.7 billion years Sun becomes a red giant" at:105 text:"200 billion years. The Sun dies down." at:115 text:"Formation of new stars ceases. The last star die ~down. Death of unintelligent water-based life. "

at:118 shift:(30,20) text:"Solar systems no longer exists. Planets flung out ~of orbit or consumed by larger bodies." at:120 shift:(30,5) text:"Galaxies no longer exist. Stars flung out of orbit ~or consumed by larger bodies as black holes." at:156 text:"Proton decay to 1/2" at:160 shift:(30,10) text:"All protons decay. The matter that stars and life etc ~was built of no longer exist." at:200 text:"Small and medium sized black holes have ~evaporated" at:218 text:"The last supermassive black holes have ~evaporated" Usually the logarithmic scale is used for such timelines but it compresses the most interesting Stelliferous Era too much as this example shows. Therefore a double-logarithmic scale s (s*100 in the graphics) is used instead. The minimum of it's unfortunately only 1, not 0 as needed, and the negative outputs for inputs smaller than 10 are useless. Therefore the time from 0.1 to 10 years is collapsed to a single point 0, but that doesn't matter in this case because nothing special happens in the history of the universe during that time. ť

s =
 egin

10 and log₁₀log₁₀ scales>

year	log₁₀ year	combination of log₁₀log₁₀ year and -log₁₀(-log₁₀ year)
10¹⁰⁰⁰	1000	3
10¹⁰⁰	100	2
10¹⁰	10	1
10²	2	0.30
10¹	1	0
10⁰	0	undefined but here forced to 0
10^-1	-1	0
10^-2	-2	-0.30
10^-10	-10	-1
10^-100	-100	-2

The seconds in the timescale have been converted to years by

second / 31 557 600

using the Julian year.

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